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WJ Macdonnell's telescope

At a glance

  • 1880s 6-inch Grubb refractor telescope
  • WJ Macdonnell and EH Beattie
  • Amateur astronomy and scientific inquiry

A dedicated amateur astronomer

National Museum staff Ian Stewart and Colin Ogilvie (left and centre) and volunteer Hermann Wehner work on the telescope in the Museum's conservation lab 2009.
National Museum staff Ian Stewart and Colin Ogilvie (left and centre) and volunteer Hermann Wehner work on the telescope in the Museum's conservation lab in 2009. Photo: Ainslie Greiner.

Amateur astronomer William John Macdonnell purchased this telescope from Thomas Grubb's Astronomical Instrument Works in Dublin, Ireland, in about 1885.

Macdonnell imported the telescope to Port Macquarie in New South Wales. There he installed it in a purpose-built observatory behind the Bank of New South Wales, where he worked as manager, and turned it to the heavens.

Macdonnell used the telescope in a range of observing programs, focusing on transit events, comets, sunspots, double stars and the features of the planets.

He was forced to sell the instrument during the financial crisis of the 1890s. The telescope then passed through the hands of a number of Australia's amateur astronomers.

The Sydney architect EH Beattie used it extensively from 1906, publishing many scientific papers based on his observations. By 1921, however, the telescope had been dismantled and placed in storage, where it remained for most of the next 85 years.

The National Museum acquired the telescope in 2005 and has returned it to working condition, as it would have appeared in the late nineteenth century. The telescope will go on show in the Museum's Creating a Country gallery in 2011.

A man wearing a suit and hat stands beside a timber observatory building. The door and the roof of the circular structure are open, revealing a telescope inside.
WJ Macdonnell outside his 'bank observatory,' built to house the Grubb telescope, at Port Macquarie, about 1885. Photo: Port Macquarie Historical Museum.

6-inch Grubb refractor

This telescope is a refracting type, using an objective (comprising two lenses) of around 6 inches (15 centimetres) diameter to form an image of the object under observation. It is equatorially mounted, meaning that its main axis is parallel to the Earth's axis of rotation. This enables it to be set to follow the stars as they appear to move across the sky.

Engineering innovation

In the 1880s this telescope was a cutting-edge scientific instrument incorporating innovative features such as the capacity to keep sidereal, or star, time as it tracked an object through the sky. This meant that an astronomer could move the telescope to observe one star or planet after another without having to stop each time to complete time-consuming calculations locating the celestial bodies.

MORE

> See photos of today's Port Macquarie Observatory on the Museum's Flickr site

> Creating a Country gallery

Curator Roslyn Russell talked about her research into amateur scientific investigation in Port Macquarie and the 'Spirit of inquiry' at the National Museum on 10 June 2009.
> Download 'Spirit of inquiry' audio and transcript

Curator Kirsten Wehner, astronomical engineer Hermann Wehner and astronomer Vince Ford discussed the Macdonnell's telescope at in the 'Heavens above' forum at the National Museum on 30 May 2009.
> Download 'Heavens above' audio and transcript

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