Australian paddle steaming history

When Captain Charles Sturt first explored the Murray–Darling River in 1830 it was immediately obvious that this inland river system had the potential to open up Australia.

Government officials and pastoralists were inspired by the use of the Mississippi River in America as a water highway for paddle steamers, and thought the same might work in Australia.

River travel allowed traders to transport perishable goods to pastoralists on inland properties. In turn, pastoralists could ship their valuable wool clips to ocean ports for export to the mills of England much faster by river. Before the evolution of steam transport, goods and produce were moved by road, using bullocks and wagons. This was slow and arduous, especially at river crossings. If no punts were available, stock often had to be swum across the river and vehicles floated on casks.

The first paddle steamer to successfully ply the Murray–Darling River was the PS Mary Ann in 1853. Within a few years paddle steamers had become commonplace, giving rise to a booming industry based on river trade. Towns such as Mannum, Goolwa, Wentworth and Morgan thrived as ports on the river highway.

However, it was Echuca, with its 1200-metre wharf, that became the undisputed river capital. In 1864 a rail link was established from Echuca to Melbourne. This made Echuca the preferred destination of river trade because goods could reach their destination even faster.

At the same time, the paddle steamer industry was becoming more regulated and organised. Shipmasters now had to pass a test for certification, and the clearing of snags in the river made navigation much easier.

Paddle steamers filled a number of roles on the river. Many towed barges laden with wool, while others served as trading ships. These carried fresh produce, mail and other goods, such as building materials and occasionally even musical instruments, to people living by the river. Paddle steamers also brought news from faraway cities and towns, and their arrival helped ease the tedium of an isolated existence on the land.

The PS Etona provided for the spiritual needs of the river communities, plying South Australian waters from 1899 to 1915. It carried a minister who performed weddings, christenings and religious services, and also had an altar and organ on board.

The improved road and rail systems of the twentieth century largely ended the use of paddle steamers for freight. However, they continued to be used on the Murray–Darling river system as fishing vessels, houseboats and for tourist cruises.

The PS Enterprise is one of oldest working paddle steamers in the world. Launched more than 130 years ago, she is the largest working exhibit at the National Museum in Canberra.

In its time, the Enterprise has worked as a cargo ship, floating store, fishing vessel, houseboat and showboat. The steamer illustrates the paddle steamer's role in Australia's history and its story is also being preserved for future generations.

> PS Enterprise

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